Fairytales and Jungian psychoanalysis share a strong
relationship. In order to better understand this relationship, we must first
understand some of the main components in the Jungian parts of the psyche. Listed below are some definitions that will
aide us in our understanding of this relationship.
Parts of the Psyche[1]
·
Ego: the conscious component of personality;
carries out normal daily actions.
·
Personal Unconscious: repository of personal
experiences
·
Collective Unconscious: Repository of racial
memories. Encoded in the cells and passed on genetically.
·
Archetypes: Energy centers in the unconscious.
Based on universal experiences, and expressed in dreams, myths and fairytales.
Within the lines of almost all fairytales there are
components of the psyche according to Jung. Starting with the first two
definitions listed, ego and personal unconscious, we can see how these
definitions play a role in many fairytales. We can see that personal
unconscious relates to most fairytales in the sense that the main characters in
the beginning of the tales usually start out performing acts on impulse or
desire. For instance, in Hansel and
Gretel the main characters impulsively eat the gingerbread house without
any thought of the consequences. Ego is supplementary to personal unconscious
in most fairytales. This is because a majority of main characters go through
some sort of transformation to rid themselves of these impulsive actions or
personal unconscious. Frequently by the end of the story the main characters
change from a state where personal unconscious is dominate to a state of
conscious decision-making or ego.
Referring back to the Hansel and
Gretel example, the two children end up using ego to make informed
decisions on how to escape from the witch’s house.
The last two definitions on the list help us better
comprehend why fairytales from all around the world have common themes and
storylines. Archetype is the term Jung and others use to sum up these
reoccurring themes and experiences. For instance, the idea of the lost husband
is an archetype that is seen across many fairytales from different countries.
The question is then, how can we have the same themes and consequently similar
storylines from cultures that had no contact with each other? Jung answered that
with his concept of the collective unconscious. Relating back to the archetype of the lost
husband, we can imagine that in the past there were many wars that drove men away
from their homes. Consequently, many women were left widowed and uncertain of
the fate of their husbands. Therefore, the archetype of the lost husband would
have been prevalent in almost all cultures and the reaction to the feeling of
the lost husband would have worked itself into the collective unconscious of
different cultures as well.
